E3 Journal of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research
E3 Journal of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3 (9) pp. 149-160, December 2012; © E3 Journals; ISSN 2141-7474
Biochemical and genetic identification of Senegalese cattle breeds (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)
N.P. Ndiaye 1 * , A. Sow 2 , G.J. Sawadogo 2 , M. Sembène 31 Departement de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, BP 5005 Dakar- Sénégal
2 Laboratoire d’endocrinologie et de radio-immunologie, Ecole Inter – Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires, BP 5077 Dakar Fann – Sénégal
3 Laboratoire de Biologie des Populations Animales Sahélo-Soudannienes, CBGP, IRD, Bel Air, BP 1386 Dakar-Sénégal
*Corresponding Author E-mail: frangine86@live.fr
Accepted 23 November 2012
Abstract
In Senegal, the genetic improvement of cattle herd by crossbreeding between local cattle (Gobra, N’dama or Djakoré) and exotic breeds originated from Europe or Brasilia, has led to an uncontrolled dissemination of crossbreds throughout the country. And this fact may lead to a failure in the management of the local cattle genetic resources. Therefore, purebred and crossbred can no longer be distinguished one to another. The aim of this work was to analyze the variations of some serum biochemical markers and the partial Cytochrome B gene sequences in order to identify Senegalese cattle breeds. The biochemical analysis showed variations in total protein, albumin, cholesterol and magnesium concentration in the different breed’s sera. The sequencing of partial Cytochrome B gene revealed 22 haplotypes of supposed purebreds and crossbreds. A high haplotype diversity (Hd =1) was observed in each breed population. The intra – breed genetic distance among supposed pure N’dama from Santamba village, showed that 29% of the total genetic variability was due to sequence divergence between haplotypes of the same breed. A low genetic distance (D = 0.15) was distinguished between the assumed pure Gobra from Birkelane and Dahra localities. Different phylogenetic trees were constructed and revealed that only the local breed Gobra was pure and the other N’dama and Djakoré were not pure. Moreover Senegalese cattle breeds had no direct relationship with European or Asian or American Bos taurus, Asian Bos indicus, Bos javanicus and Bos grunniens
Keywords: Mitochondrial DNA, cytochrome B, biochemical markers, cattle breeds, phylogeny, Senegal
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